Most commonly but no quality-checks used

The advantage of bottom-up management by parents and local officials is that these groups are likely to be the best able and most motivated to monitor educational quality. The act effectively rules out a major possibility for enabling these stakeholders to act on their knowledge, however, by ruling out voucher-type programmes that could enable poorer parents to vote with their feet. It states that parents who choose ‘non-aided’ schools shall not be eligible to make a claim for reimbursement and notes that the right to go to school does not extend to the right to go to private schools.